Abstract： Objective To determine the effects of HLA-Cw typing on graft-versus-host disease and re-lapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods HLA - Cw typing was performed in HLA identical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,including 9 patients with allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(allo-PBSCT) and 10 patients with umbilical cord blood(UCBT) respectively. A-cute GVHD data were compared between the groups with different HLA-Cw typing results (matched and un-matched). Results In 16 HLA-Cw matched patients,15 cases got engrafted(94%) ,and 11 patients had Ⅰ～Ⅱ acute GVHD and 2 patients had Ⅲ acute GVHD. Fifteen patients had chronic GVHD but no patients had re-lapse. In 3 HLA-Cw unmatched patients,2 patients had Ⅲ acute GVHD and died in early stage and 1 patient had early relapse. When cases were classified into two groups accoring to HLA-Cw typing results, there is statisti-cally significant difference in both Ⅰ～Ⅱ and Ⅲ acute GVHD between these two groups (P < 0. 05). Conclu-sion In hematopoietic stem cell transplantation cases, HLA-Cw matching may be helpful to reduce GVHD. The results suggest that HLA typing is important for the prognosis of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in addi-tion to HLA-A, B, DR/DQ matching.