Abstract： Objective To investigate the experience in the treatment of acute encephalocele associated with delayed intracranial hematoma during severe brain injury operation.Methods 42 patients suffered from acute encephalocele during brain injury operation were,retrospectively analyzed.Results All patients with acute encephalocele were associated with delayed intracranial hematoma.The effective treatment of acute encephalocele was to remove the hematoma out of the brain timely and thoroughly.33 patients survived the disorder of acute encephalocele,of which,good recovery occurred in 20 patients,moderate disability in 6 patients,severe disability in 4 patients,and vegetative state in 3 patients according to Glasgow Outcome Score 3 months later.Conclusion Head-CT scanning should be timely performed when intracperative acute encephalocele occurred,whereas the measures of efficacy improvement on acute encephalocele were to timely.