Abstract： Objective To explore the influencing factors of mechanical ventilation time in esophageal cancer patients with lung infection after operation.Methods 55 esophageal cancer patients with lung infection after operation requiring endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation were included.According to duration of mechanical ventilation time, ＜ 7 days for early weaned from ventilator group, ＞ 7 days for late weaning group.60 esophageal cancer patients with lung infection after operation without mechanical ventilation served as controls.Various factors on the impact of mechanical ventilation were compared.Results Early and late weaning patients were older than control group(P ＜ 0.05), particularly in late weaning patients(P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control, FEV1 and MVV decreased significantly in early weaning patients(P ＜ 0.05).NFGNB infection in late weaning patients significantly increased than in early weaning patients and the control(all P ＜ 0.01).Logistic multivariate analysis showed that FEV1 was independent factors affecting early weaning (P ＜ 0.01), age (P ＜ 0.05) and NFGNB infection (P ＜0.01) affecting late weaning.Conclusion The influencing factors of mechanical ventilation time in esophageal cancer patiens with lung infection after operation were FEV1 decreasing,age and NFGNB infection.