Abstract： Soil invertebrates were collected by Tullgren and Baermann funnels from soil at 0～15 cm depth grown with Bt cotton (cv. NuCOTN 33B) and non-Bt cotton (cv. ZM12) in Lingxian, Shandong, China, and their community structures were analyzed. The structures in the experimental plots and fields planted with 33B were also compared. Nematodes and acarids were dominant groups and their frequencies were 60%～85% and 9%～27% in all treatments under survey. Soil invertebrate groups and individuals, as well as nematodes, Coleoptera and Diptera were found more in the plots with 33B than those with non-Bt cv. ZM12. But the Shannon's diversity and Pielou's evenness values were significantly lower in the plots with 33B. The numbers of soil invertebrate groups in 33B fields were similar to those in the plots with 33B. There were more Rotatoria and Enchytraelidae, but fewer nematodes, Pauropoda, Coleoptera, and also total invertebrate individuals in 33B fields. The Shannon's diversity and Pielou's evenness were significantly higher in 33B fields. From the scalable one-parametric Rényi- diversity profiles, it also showed higher diversity in the plots with 33B than in those with ZM12, and higher diversity in the fields than in the plots both with 33B. From June to November, the abundance of soil invertebrates fluctuated in similar trends in all the treatments. It peaked in July in the plots with ZM12, and in September in the experimental plots and fields with 33B. The diversity and evenness of invertebrates exhibited a similar trend from June to August in 33B and ZM12 plots, but they were higher in September and October in 33B than in ZM12 plots. The diversity and evenness in 33B fields were higher than in 33B plots in the period from June to November. These results indicated that cotton varieties and planting areas could change the soil invertebrate structures significantly. The soil invertebrate diversity was higher in 33B than in ZM12 plots, and higher in 33B fields than in 33B plots.