Abstract: Host cell protein phosphatase-1(PP1)is an important regulator of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)transcription.PPl is involved in the regulation of HIV-1 transcription.and dephosphorylates RNA polymerase Ⅱ C-terminal domain(RNAPⅡ CTD)or CycTl-dependent kinase 9(CDK9)to increase Tatdependent HIV-1 transcription.In this review,we discuss the action of PPl in Tat-induced HIV-1 transcription and related to PP1 inhibitors.