Abstract： To discuss the application of problem-based learning (PBL) in the clinical tumor pharmacology teaching, under the same educational background and the same teacher, the total of 126 medical students were divided randomly into two groups: the control group (traditional teaching) had 65 students and experimental group (PBL) had 61 students. At the end of PBL teaching, the questionnaire survey was conducted in PBL group. The differences of assessment scores on this chapter between the two groups were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Statistical analysis results showed that the proficiency of the mastery of tumor drug knowledge and the treatment of adverse drug reactions in the PBL teaching group was better than those in control group ( P ＜0.01 ). The questionnaire results revealed that PBL method was more beneficial for students in clinical teaching. The conclusion was that PBL method in clinical tumor pharmacology teaching could better improve the teaching effect.