Abstract： To promote rural doctors' comprehensive abihties including practice-based learning & improvement, and provide individualized assessment, especially process assessment, we designed and apphed a learning and assessment portfolio to 321 trainees in rural doctor training program of China Medical University in 2009. Under supervision, 321 rural doctors finished their individual portfolios documenting their learning, practice, reflection, achievements, and others evidences during 2009 academic year. We got 277 filled forms from a survey to the 321 rural doctors and found that most rural doctors identified themselves with the application of portfolios and believed that portfolios could promote their learning, by stimulating reflection, and assess objectively their achievements. Our study demonstrated that implementing portfolios in rural doctor training could promote trainees' learning and assess their achievements successfully.