Abstract: Eight species in the genus Scolecobasidium were identified from soil samples collected in the source areas of Yangtse River and Yellow River.Among them,S.chinense and S.qinghaiense were described as new species,S.dendroides was a new record for China.All specimens (dried cultures) and living cultures studied were deposited in the Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural University:Plant Pathology (HSAUP).