Abstract： Objective To investigate the effects of comprehensive nursing interventions for the prevention of dilated cardiomyopathy complicated by hypokalemia.Methods A retrospective analysis of 72 cases of cardiology patients with dilated cardiomyopathy in cardiology department from August 2010 to May 2011 was done and these patients were randomly divided into control and experimental groups with 36 cases in each group.Self - assessment of anxiety (SAS) and self - rating depression scale (SDS) were provided to them after admission.Control group was given drug treatment and general care measures,experimental group was given drug treatment and planned,systematic and targeted comprehensive care.After 2 weeks of treatment the two groups of patients were given a comparative study with SAS score,SDS score and serum potassium.Results The scores of SAS and SDS were statistically significant in experimental group compared with the control group ( P =0.000,P ＜ 0.05 ) ; Serum potassium levels were almost in the normal range,and compared with the control group,also the differences were statistically significant ( P =0.000,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions A variety of electrolyte imbalance were prone to occur during the treatment process of dilated cardiomyopathy,especially hypokalemia.Timely and comprehensive care interventions could effectively prevent the hypokalemia happened and significantly improve quality of life and prognosis of patients.