Abstract: Rich in a broad spectrum of basic nutritional ingredients and bioactive substances and cytokines which regulated or promoted the cell viability, cell growth and vital movement, autologous serum (plasma) embraced the characteristics of biological diversity, security, stability, compatibility and so on. These advantages helped the increasingly wide application of autologous serum (plasma) in modem preclinical medicine studies. To further explore the scientific application of autologous serum (plasma) in cell culture and tissue engineering in vitro, this paper analyzed the main components and basic bionomics of autologous serum (plasma), and explained its application in cytobiology and histology within the field of preclinical medicine. Literature review suggested that autologous serum played an active role in normal or abnormal cell culture in vitro, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell morphology, structure and metabolism, as well as the in vitro tissue culture, self- renewal, and self-repair. Moreover, the diversity of its biological characteristics and security justifed the application of autologous serum (plasma) in preclinical medicine studies.