Abstract: Objective To investigate the rehabilitation effectiveness of the calligraphy and painting behavior therapy. Methods Thirty cases of Schizophrenia inpatients (observation group) were received the calligraphy and painting training that was carried out some methods such as positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and marking with behavior quantification for 8 weeks. They were compared with 30 cases of Schizophrenia inpatients who were in the nature of a certain comparability (control group) . The rehabilitation effectiveness was evaluated by NOSIE, BPRS, SANS and IPROS. Results Each patient of observation group could join and finish the calligraphy and painting training. Before treatment, observation group and control group had no difference in NOSIE, BPRS, SANS and IPROS ( P > 0. 05)After treatment , both groups were in the nature of significance difference in NOSIE, BPRS, SANS and IPROS (P < 0. 01 ) . Conclusions The regulation and systematic painting and calligraphy behavior therapy is in favour of improving the state of illness of Schizophrenia inpatients and could promote rehabilitation of their social function. It is in the nature of the clinical rehabilitation effect well