Abstract: AIM To investigate the relationship between the presence of MCP-1 and macrophages and T-lymphocytes in specimens obtained from retinal detachment and PVR eyes. METHODS Specimens were obtained during retinal surgery, including cellular components of subretinal fluids in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD), fluids collections during vitrectomy for PVR grade B, and epiretinal membranes from PVR grade C or D. Immunohistochemical detection was performed to examine the distribution of MCP-1, and the presence of CD68 or CD3 positive cells in these specimens. RESULTS The expression of MCP-1 was negative or very weak in cells of subretinal fluid from RD. As a function of the increase of PVR grade, MCP-1 expression became stronger while the rate of CD68 (+)/CD3 (+) decreased. CONCLUSION MCP-1 may modulate the wound healing after retinal detachment and the formation of epiretinal membranes in PVR.