Abstract： AIM　To investigate the effects of recruit motor ab ility and fitness on injuries during basic military physical training. METHODS　Mo tor ability was measured according to GJB 1337-92 Measurement and Evaluation of Physical Fit-nes s for Soldiers. Injured soldiers were detected by an active screen project. RESULTS　One of two units consisted of 213 recruits. Motor ability sco res and the resul ts of some fitness-testing items of 100 m running, 3000 m running, standing-ju mp, pull-ups between injured group and non-injured group were significantly differ en t (P<0.05). Proportion of injuries in motor ability level with score≥320 an d sc ore<320 was 11% and 26% respectively. Proportion of injuries between two motor a bility score levels was significantly different (P<0.05); and relative risk (RR ) was 2.4. CONCLUSION　In primary physical training of the recru its, the inciden ce of training injuries is higher in the recruits with the lower level of motor ability (RR=2.4), and certain fitness-testing items of 100 m running, 3000 m r unning, standing-jump, pull-ups are more likely to cause training injuries.