Abstract： Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) poses a challenging dilemma in the field of psychiatric clinical practice, and scientific research stands as a pivotal avenue for advancing a profound understanding and precise treatment of OCD. This article analyzes the myriad challenges encountered in the current clinical diagnosis, treatment, and research of OCD, proposing potential strategies to address these challenges. Additionally, it delves into the key directions that future clinical practice and research should prioritize.